ICDS Supervisor - General Science Practice Test MCQs 50

ICDS Supervisor - General Science Practice Test

Targeted 50 MCQ Practice Module focusing on: Environmental Science, Sources of Energy, and Health & Hygiene.

Select your answers and click Submit Assessment Answers at the bottom to calculate your total score and review explanations.

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SECTION I: Environmental Science [Questions 1 to 17]

1. A community of living organisms interacting with each other and with their physical environment is called:

Biosphere Population Ecosystem Biome

Explanation: An ecosystem consists of biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components interacting together in a defined area.

2. Which of the following is an example of an abiotic component of the environment?

Bacteria Sunlight Fungi Trees

Explanation: Abiotic components are non-living physical and chemical factors such as sunlight, air, water, temperature, and soil.

3. In a food chain, green plants that manufacture their own food through photosynthesis are called:

Producers Primary consumers Decomposers Secondary consumers

Explanation: Producers (autotrophs) like green plants form the first trophic level, converting solar energy into chemical energy.

4. The ozone layer, which protects the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation, is located in which layer of the atmosphere?

Troposphere Mesosphere Thermosphere Stratosphere

Explanation: The ozone layer lies in the stratosphere, roughly 15-35 km above the Earth's surface, and absorbs most of the sun's harmful UV-B radiation.

5. Which gas is considered the primary contributor to the Greenhouse Effect and global warming?

Nitrogen Carbon dioxide Oxygen Helium

Explanation: Carbon dioxide, released mainly through burning fossil fuels, traps heat in the atmosphere and is the leading greenhouse gas contributor.

6. Waste materials such as plastic bags and polythene, which cannot be broken down by natural microbial action, are called:

Biodegradable waste Organic waste Non-biodegradable waste Compostable waste

Explanation: Non-biodegradable substances like plastics, glass, and metals resist decomposition by microorganisms and persist in the environment for long periods.

7. Which of the following is recognized as a major biodiversity hotspot in India?

Western Ghats Thar Desert Deccan Plateau Indo-Gangetic Plain

Explanation: The Western Ghats, along with the Himalayas, is one of India's globally recognized biodiversity hotspots due to its rich and unique flora and fauna.

8. Contamination of the environment caused by excessive sound levels, such as from traffic or industry, is termed:

Air pollution Water pollution Soil pollution Noise pollution

Explanation: Noise pollution refers to unwanted or excessive sound that can harm human health, hearing, and general wellbeing.

9. Acid rain is primarily caused by atmospheric pollution from which pair of gases?

Oxygen and Nitrogen Sulphur dioxide and Nitrogen oxides Carbon monoxide and Helium Methane and Argon

Explanation: Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, released from burning fossil fuels, react with atmospheric moisture to form sulphuric and nitric acids, causing acid rain.

10. The gradual rise in the average temperature of the Earth's atmosphere and oceans is known as:

Global warming Eutrophication Ozone depletion Bioaccumulation

Explanation: Global warming refers to the long-term increase in Earth's average surface temperature, largely driven by rising greenhouse gas concentrations.

11. Large-scale clearing of forests for agriculture, industry, or settlement is known as:

Afforestation Reforestation Deforestation Social forestry

Explanation: Deforestation is the permanent removal of forest cover, which leads to soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, and disruption of the water cycle.

12. The Wildlife (Protection) Act, a key legislation for conservation of India's flora and fauna, was enacted in:

1968 1972 1980 1986

Explanation: The Wildlife (Protection) Act was passed in 1972 to provide legal protection to wild animals, birds, and plants across India.

13. Unlike a Wildlife Sanctuary, which of the following activities is generally NOT permitted inside a National Park?

Scientific research with permission Guided tourism Conservation of habitat Grazing of livestock

Explanation: National Parks have stricter protection than Wildlife Sanctuaries; private activities such as grazing and cultivation are prohibited inside them.

14. Which of the following is classified as a renewable natural resource?

Forests Coal Natural gas Petroleum

Explanation: Forests can regenerate naturally over time if managed sustainably, making them a renewable resource, unlike fossil fuels.

15. The continuous circulation of water between the atmosphere, land, and oceans through evaporation, condensation, and precipitation is called:

Nitrogen cycle Water cycle (Hydrological cycle) Carbon cycle Oxygen cycle

Explanation: The hydrological (water) cycle describes the continuous movement of water through evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and collection.

16. Which of the following practices is most effective in preventing soil erosion on sloped agricultural land?

Overgrazing Deforestation Terrace farming Monoculture cropping

Explanation: Terrace farming creates level platforms on slopes, slowing water runoff and significantly reducing soil erosion in hilly regions.

17. The international organization that maintains the "Red List" classifying species by their risk of extinction is the:

IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) WHO (World Health Organization) WTO (World Trade Organization) FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization)

Explanation: The IUCN Red List is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the conservation status of biological species, categorizing them from "Least Concern" to "Extinct".

SECTION II: Sources of Energy [Questions 18 to 34]

18. Energy sources that are naturally replenished and do not get exhausted with use, such as sunlight and wind, are called:

Non-renewable sources Renewable sources Conventional sources Fossil sources

Explanation: Renewable energy sources, like solar, wind, and hydro power, replenish naturally and are considered inexhaustible on a human timescale.

19. Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are together classified as:

Renewable energy sources Nuclear fuels Fossil fuels Biofuels

Explanation: Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are called fossil fuels because they formed from the remains of ancient plants and organisms over millions of years.

20. Solar panels generate electricity directly from sunlight using devices known as:

Photovoltaic cells Thermocouples Fuel cells Wind turbines

Explanation: Photovoltaic (solar) cells convert sunlight directly into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect.

21. Wind energy is harnessed for electricity generation using large rotating blades mounted on structures called:

Solar panels Biogas plants Nuclear reactors Wind turbines

Explanation: Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy of moving air into mechanical energy, which is then converted into electricity.

22. Hydroelectric power is generated by utilizing the energy of:

Underground heat Flowing or falling water Nuclear fission Ocean waves only

Explanation: Hydropower plants use the gravitational force of falling or flowing water, typically from a dam, to spin turbines and generate electricity.

23. Biogas, produced through the decomposition of organic waste and cattle dung, primarily consists of which gas?

Methane Hydrogen Ozone Nitrogen

Explanation: Biogas is generated by anaerobic digestion of organic matter and consists mainly of methane (around 55-65%) along with carbon dioxide.

24. Nuclear power plants generate energy primarily through the process of:

Combustion Photosynthesis Nuclear fission Evaporation

Explanation: Nuclear fission is the splitting of heavy atomic nuclei, such as Uranium-235, releasing enormous amounts of heat energy used to generate electricity.

25. Energy harnessed from the natural heat stored within the Earth's crust is known as:

Tidal energy Geothermal energy Solar energy Wind energy

Explanation: Geothermal energy is derived from heat generated within the Earth, often accessed through hot springs and geysers for power generation.

26. Energy generated by exploiting the rise and fall of sea levels due to gravitational forces of the moon and sun is called:

Wind energy Geothermal energy Solar energy Tidal energy

Explanation: Tidal energy captures the kinetic and potential energy of ocean tides, which are caused by gravitational pull from the moon and sun.

27. Which of the following is an example of a non-conventional source of energy?

Solar energy Coal Petroleum Natural gas

Explanation: Non-conventional sources include solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, and biogas energy — alternatives to the traditional fossil fuel-based conventional sources.

28. A solar cooker works on the principle of trapping heat using a reflective surface and:

Nuclear fission Wind convection The greenhouse effect Electrolysis

Explanation: A solar cooker uses mirrors to focus sunlight, and a glass cover traps the resulting heat inside, similar to the greenhouse effect, to cook food.

29. Coal is formed over millions of years from the fossilization of:

Marine animals Dead plant matter buried under sedimentary layers Volcanic ash Coral reefs

Explanation: Coal forms from the remains of ancient plant material subjected to heat and pressure underground over millions of years.

30. Petroleum is commonly referred to as "Black Gold" primarily because of its:

Chemical purity Ability to purify water Use in jewellery High economic value and dark color

Explanation: Petroleum is called "Black Gold" because of its dark, oily appearance combined with its immense economic importance as a fuel source.

31. LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas), commonly used for cooking, mainly consists of a mixture of:

Butane and Propane Oxygen and Nitrogen Hydrogen and Helium Carbon dioxide and Ozone

Explanation: LPG is primarily a mixture of butane and propane, stored under pressure as a liquid and used widely as a cooking and heating fuel.

32. Energy obtained from organic materials such as wood, crop residue, and animal dung is called:

Nuclear energy Tidal energy Biomass energy Geothermal energy

Explanation: Biomass energy is derived from organic materials like wood, agricultural residue, and animal waste, commonly used as traditional fuel in rural households.

33. OTEC (Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion) generates power by using the temperature difference between:

Two different rivers Warm surface seawater and cold deep seawater Day and night air temperature Mountain peaks and valleys

Explanation: OTEC systems exploit the temperature gradient between warmer surface ocean water and colder deep ocean water to run a heat engine and produce electricity.

34. Which of the following is a major advantage of renewable energy sources over fossil fuels?

They cause significantly less environmental pollution They are always cheaper to set up initially They can be exhausted with continued use They require millions of years to regenerate

Explanation: Renewable sources generally produce far less pollution and greenhouse gas emissions compared to burning fossil fuels, making them more environmentally sustainable.

SECTION III: Health & Hygiene [Questions 35 to 50]

35. The practice of keeping oneself clean through regular bathing, handwashing, and grooming is known as:

Public sanitation Personal hygiene Environmental hygiene Nutrition management

Explanation: Personal hygiene refers to the practices individuals follow to maintain body cleanliness and promote good health, such as handwashing and bathing.

36. A diet that provides all essential nutrients — carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals — in the right proportions is called a:

Calorie-restricted diet Vegetarian diet Liquid diet Balanced diet

Explanation: A balanced diet supplies adequate amounts of all essential nutrients needed for growth, energy, and body maintenance.

37. Deficiency of Vitamin C in the diet primarily leads to which disease?

Scurvy Rickets Night blindness Beriberi

Explanation: Vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy, characterized by bleeding gums, joint pain, and delayed wound healing.

38. A disease that spreads from an infected person to a healthy person through air, water, or contact is called a:

Non-communicable disease Genetic disorder Communicable (infectious) disease Deficiency disease

Explanation: Communicable diseases are caused by pathogens (bacteria, viruses, etc.) and can spread from one person to another through various modes of transmission.

39. The process of protecting an individual against a specific disease by administering a vaccine is called:

Sterilization Immunization Pasteurization Fumigation

Explanation: Immunization is the process of inducing immunity against a disease, typically through vaccination, protecting the body from future infection.

40. Malaria is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected:

Housefly Tsetse fly Sandfly Female Anopheles mosquito

Explanation: Malaria is caused by the Plasmodium parasite, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito.

41. Cholera and Typhoid are examples of diseases primarily spread through:

Contaminated water and food Airborne droplets only Genetic inheritance Insect bites only

Explanation: Cholera and typhoid are classic water-borne diseases, spread through consumption of water or food contaminated with the causative bacteria.

42. Washing hands with soap before eating and after using the toilet is most effective in preventing the spread of:

Genetic diseases Deficiency disorders Infectious and diarrheal diseases Hereditary conditions

Explanation: Proper handwashing with soap removes pathogens and significantly reduces the transmission of infectious and diarrheal diseases, especially in children.

43. ORS (Oral Rehydration Solution) is primarily administered to a patient to treat:

Fever Dehydration caused by diarrhea Skin infections Bone fractures

Explanation: ORS replenishes lost fluids and electrolytes, and is a key first-line treatment for dehydration resulting from diarrhea, especially in children.

44. A condition characterized by a deficiency of iron in the blood, leading to fatigue and paleness, is called:

Anemia Goitre Obesity Rickets

Explanation: Anemia results from insufficient healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin, commonly due to iron deficiency, causing fatigue, weakness, and pale skin.

45. BMI (Body Mass Index) is calculated using a person's:

Age and blood group Blood pressure and pulse rate Eyesight and hearing ability Weight and height

Explanation: BMI is calculated as weight (kg) divided by the square of height (m²), and is used as a simple screening measure for underweight, normal, overweight, or obese categories.

46. Under the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme, the package of services provided does NOT include:

Supplementary nutrition Free higher education scholarships Immunization Pre-school non-formal education

Explanation: ICDS provides six core services: supplementary nutrition, immunization, health check-up, referral services, pre-school education, and nutrition & health education — not higher education scholarships.

47. Severe protein deficiency in young children, often marked by swelling of the belly and limbs, is known as:

Marasmus Scurvy Kwashiorkor Rickets

Explanation: Kwashiorkor results from severe protein deficiency and is characterized by edema (swelling), an enlarged belly, and stunted growth, primarily in young children.

48. As per the Universal Immunization Programme, the BCG vaccine (against tuberculosis) is normally given to an infant:

At birth or as early as possible At 5 years of age Only during adolescence At 10 years of age

Explanation: BCG vaccine, which protects against severe forms of tuberculosis, is administered at birth or as soon as possible after birth under India's immunization schedule.

49. The immediate and initial care given to an injured or suddenly ill person before professional medical help arrives is called:

Physiotherapy Palliative care Rehabilitation First aid

Explanation: First aid is the immediate, temporary care given to a casualty before full medical treatment is available, aimed at preserving life and preventing worsening of the condition.

50. Ensuring access to safe drinking water and proper disposal of human waste and garbage falls under the broader concept of:

Immunization Sanitation Vaccination Nutrition supplementation

Explanation: Sanitation encompasses safe drinking water supply and proper disposal of excreta and waste, essential for preventing disease transmission in a community.

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