Agricultural Supervisor - General Knowledge (J&K Special Reference): Environment & Ecology Practice Test 50 MCQs

Agricultural Supervisor - General Knowledge (J&K Special Reference): Environment & Ecology Practice Test

Agricultural Supervisor - General Knowledge (J&K Special Reference): Environment & Ecology Practice Test

Targeted 50 MCQ Practice Module focusing on: Fundamentals of Ecology, Biodiversity, J&K Protected Areas & Wildlife, Environmental Issues & Climate Change, and Environmental Policies/Programs.

Select your answers and click Submit Assessment Answers at the bottom to calculate your total score and review explanations.

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SECTION I: Fundamentals of Ecology [Questions 1 to 10]
1. Who coined the term "Ecology"?
Explanation: German biologist Ernst Haeckel coined the term "Oekologie" (Ecology) in 1866.
2. Who coined the term "Ecosystem"?
Explanation: British ecologist A.G. Tansley coined the term "Ecosystem" in 1935.
3. Which is the largest ecosystem on Earth?
Explanation: Oceans cover about 71% of the Earth's surface, making the marine ecosystem the largest.
4. In a food chain, organisms that produce their own food using sunlight are called:
Explanation: Green plants and other photosynthetic organisms are autotrophic producers, forming the base of the food chain.
5. Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?
Explanation: Nitrogen, though the most abundant atmospheric gas, does not trap heat and is not a greenhouse gas.
6. The continuous movement of nutrients between living organisms and the environment is called:
Explanation: Biogeochemical cycles (carbon, nitrogen, water, etc.) circulate nutrients between biotic and abiotic components.
7. The Ozone layer, which absorbs harmful UV radiation, is located in which layer of the atmosphere?
Explanation: The ozone layer lies within the stratosphere, roughly 15-35 km above the Earth's surface.
8. Which ecological pyramid is always upright and never inverted?
Explanation: Energy always decreases at successive trophic levels, so the pyramid of energy is always upright, unlike numbers or biomass which can be inverted.
9. The term "Biodiversity" was popularized in scientific and public usage by which scientist?
Explanation: American biologist E.O. Wilson popularized the term "Biodiversity" in the 1980s.
10. The relationship between two organisms where one benefits and the other is harmed is called:
Explanation: In parasitism, the parasite benefits at the expense of the host, which is harmed.
SECTION II: Biodiversity & Ecosystems of J&K [Questions 11 to 20]
11. Which of the following is NOT one of the recognized biodiversity hotspots of India?
Explanation: India's recognized hotspots are the Western Ghats-Sri Lanka, Himalaya, Indo-Burma, and Sundaland. The Deccan Plateau is not classified as a hotspot.
12. Jammu & Kashmir falls under which globally recognized biodiversity hotspot?
Explanation: J&K lies within the Himalayan biodiversity hotspot, known for high species endemism.
13. The Ladakh region is characterized by which type of biome?
Explanation: Ladakh lies in the Trans-Himalayan cold desert zone, characterized by very low precipitation and extreme temperatures.
14. Which of the following is a Ramsar wetland site located in Jammu & Kashmir?
Explanation: Wular Lake, along with Hokersar and Surinsar-Mansar, is designated as a Ramsar site in J&K.
15. Wular Lake, one of the largest freshwater lakes in Asia, lies on which river?
Explanation: Wular Lake is formed by the Jhelum river in the Bandipora district of Kashmir.
16. Dal Lake, famous for houseboats and shikaras, is located in:
Explanation: Dal Lake is one of the most prominent urban lakes located in Srinagar city.
17. What is the State Bird of Jammu & Kashmir (erstwhile state)?
Explanation: The Black-necked Crane, found in the Ladakh region, is the designated state bird of J&K.
18. What is the State Animal of Jammu & Kashmir?
Explanation: The Hangul, or Kashmir Stag, is the state animal of J&K and a critically endangered species.
19. What is the State Tree of Jammu & Kashmir?
Explanation: The Chinar (Booin) tree is the official state tree of Jammu & Kashmir, iconic to the Kashmir Valley.
20. Dachigam National Park is primarily famous for the conservation of which species?
Explanation: Dachigam National Park is the last major stronghold for the highly endangered Hangul.
SECTION III: J&K Protected Areas & Wildlife [Questions 21 to 30]
21. Dachigam National Park is located near which city?
Explanation: Dachigam National Park lies about 22 km northeast of Srinagar city.
22. Which national park in Ladakh is the largest national park in India by area?
Explanation: Hemis National Park in Ladakh is India's largest national park and holds one of the highest densities of snow leopards.
23. Kishtwar National Park is particularly known for the conservation of:
Explanation: Kishtwar National Park in the Jammu region is a key habitat for the endangered Himalayan Musk Deer.
24. Salim Ali National Park, located in Srinagar, is also popularly known as:
Explanation: Salim Ali National Park is commonly called "City Forest" and is named after the renowned ornithologist Dr. Salim Ali.
25. Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary in J&K is particularly known for protecting:
Explanation: Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary in the Pir Panjal range is an important habitat for the endangered Markhor (wild goat).
26. Overa-Aru Wildlife Sanctuary functions as an extension of which national park to protect the Hangul?
Explanation: Overa-Aru Wildlife Sanctuary, near Pahalgam, works alongside Dachigam National Park in Hangul conservation efforts.
27. Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary, home to the Black-necked Crane, is located in:
Explanation: Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary is a high-altitude cold desert protected area in Ladakh, hosting Pangong Tso and the Black-necked Crane.
28. Pangong Tso, a high-altitude endorheic lake, is located in:
Explanation: Pangong Tso is a brackish endorheic lake situated in Ladakh, extending partly into Tibet (China).
29. Gulmarg's wildlife sanctuary area is particularly associated with conservation efforts for which species?
Explanation: Gulmarg Wildlife Sanctuary supports the conservation of the Himalayan Musk Deer among alpine forest species.
30. The cold desert region of Ladakh receives very low rainfall primarily because it lies in the:
Explanation: Ladakh lies beyond the Great Himalayan range, which blocks monsoon clouds, creating a rain-shadow cold desert.
SECTION IV: Environmental Issues, Climate Change & Conservation [Questions 31 to 40]
31. The primary cause of Global Warming is the increased atmospheric concentration of:
Explanation: Rising levels of greenhouse gases like CO2 and methane trap heat, driving global warming.
32. The Kyoto Protocol, an international treaty committing states to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, was adopted in:
Explanation: The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, in December 1997.
33. The Paris Agreement on climate change was adopted in the year:
Explanation: The Paris Agreement was adopted at COP21 in December 2015.
34. Which greenhouse gas contributes the highest share to global warming from human activities?
Explanation: Carbon dioxide, mainly from fossil fuel combustion, is the largest contributor to anthropogenic global warming.
35. The Kolahoi Glacier, an important glacier feeding Kashmir's rivers, has been reported to be:
Explanation: Kolahoi Glacier, source of the Lidder stream, has shown significant retreat over recent decades due to climate change.
36. The river Jhelum, the principal river of Kashmir Valley, originates from:
Explanation: The Jhelum river originates from a spring at Verinag in the south Kashmir Valley.
37. Large-scale removal of forest cover leading to loss of habitat and soil erosion is termed:
Explanation: Deforestation is the clearing or thinning of forests by humans, causing habitat and biodiversity loss.
38. Which of the following is a major cause of soil erosion in the hilly areas of J&K?
Explanation: Removal of tree cover and unplanned construction on slopes weakens soil binding, accelerating erosion and landslides in hilly J&K terrain.
39. The Chipko Movement, a landmark forest conservation movement in India, originated in the state of:
Explanation: The Chipko Movement began in 1973 in the Chamoli district of present-day Uttarakhand, then part of Uttar Pradesh.
40. Which central body is primarily responsible for monitoring and controlling pollution in India?
Explanation: The CPCB, set up under the Water Act 1974, is the apex body for pollution monitoring and control in India.
SECTION V: Environmental Policies, Programs & Bodies [Questions 41 to 50]
41. The Environment (Protection) Act, a key umbrella legislation for environmental protection in India, was enacted in:
Explanation: The Environment (Protection) Act was enacted in 1986, following the Bhopal Gas Tragedy of 1984.
42. The Wildlife (Protection) Act, providing for protection of wild animals and plants, was enacted in:
Explanation: The Wildlife (Protection) Act was enacted in 1972 to safeguard wild flora and fauna across India.
43. The National Green Tribunal (NGT), a specialized body for environmental disputes, was established in:
Explanation: The NGT was established in 2010 under the National Green Tribunal Act for effective disposal of environment-related cases.
44. Which Union ministry is primarily responsible for environment and climate change policy in India?
Explanation: MoEFCC formulates and implements environmental policies, laws, and climate programs at the national level.
45. World Environment Day is observed every year on:
Explanation: World Environment Day is observed on June 5 each year, commemorating the 1972 Stockholm Conference.
46. Which Article of the Indian Constitution directs the State to protect and improve the environment and safeguard forests and wildlife?
Explanation: Article 48-A, a Directive Principle of State Policy, obligates the State to protect and improve the environment.
47. Which of the following is listed as a Fundamental Duty relating to protection of the environment under the Indian Constitution?
Explanation: Article 51A(g) obligates every citizen to protect and improve the natural environment, including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife.
48. Which of the following is NOT considered a renewable source of energy?
Explanation: Coal is a fossil fuel formed over millions of years and is a non-renewable energy source.
49. Van Mahotsav, a nationwide tree-plantation festival, is annually celebrated primarily in the month of:
Explanation: Van Mahotsav, started in 1950, is celebrated in the first week of July, a suitable planting season across most of India.
50. World Wetlands Day, marking the anniversary of the Ramsar Convention, is observed on:
Explanation: World Wetlands Day is observed on February 2, marking the signing of the Ramsar Convention in 1971.

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