ICDS Supervisor - General Science (Physics, Chemistry & Biology) Practice Test 50 MCQs

ICDS Supervisor - General Science (Physics, Chemistry & Biology) Practice Test

Targeted 50 MCQ Practice Module focusing on: Basic Physics Concepts, Basic Chemistry Concepts, and Biology for the ICDS Supervisor Examination.

Select your answers and click Submit Assessment Answers at the bottom to calculate your total score and review explanations.

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SECTION I: Physics (Basic Concepts) [Questions 1 to 17]

1. What is the SI unit of force?

Joule Watt Newton Pascal

Explanation: The Newton (N) is the SI unit of force, defined as the force needed to accelerate a 1 kg mass at 1 m/s².

2. Speed is defined as:

Force multiplied by time Distance travelled per unit time Mass multiplied by velocity Change in displacement

Explanation: Speed is a scalar quantity representing the total distance covered by a body divided by the total time taken.

3. Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of:

Velocity Mass Distance Force

Explanation: Acceleration is the rate at which velocity changes with respect to time; it is a vector quantity.

4. The approximate value of acceleration due to gravity on the Earth's surface is:

6.8 m/s² 12.6 m/s² 9.8 m/s² 3.4 m/s²

Explanation: A freely falling body near the Earth's surface accelerates at approximately 9.8 m/s², commonly denoted "g".

5. Sound waves cannot travel through:

Solids Vacuum Liquids Gases

Explanation: Sound is a mechanical wave and requires a material medium (solid, liquid, or gas) to propagate; it cannot travel through a vacuum.

6. Light travels faster than sound because:

Sound has more mass than light Light needs a medium while sound does not Sound is a form of energy while light is not The speed of light in vacuum is far greater than the speed of sound in air

Explanation: Light travels at about 3 × 10⁸ m/s in vacuum, while sound travels at only about 343 m/s in air, making light dramatically faster.

7. The SI unit of electric current is the:

Ampere Volt Ohm Coulomb

Explanation: Electric current is measured in Amperes (A), named after French physicist André-Marie Ampère.

8. Ohm's Law states that at constant temperature, voltage (V) across a conductor is:

Inversely proportional to resistance Equal to power divided by current Directly proportional to the current flowing through it Independent of current

Explanation: Ohm's Law is expressed as V = IR, meaning voltage is directly proportional to current when resistance is constant.

9. Which of the following is an example of a simple machine used to lift heavy loads with less effort by pivoting on a fixed point?

Pulley system only Lever Screw Wedge

Explanation: A lever is a rigid bar that rotates about a fixed point called the fulcrum, allowing heavy loads to be lifted with reduced effort.

10. According to the Law of Reflection, the angle of incidence is always:

Equal to the angle of reflection Twice the angle of reflection Half the angle of reflection Unrelated to the angle of reflection

Explanation: The Law of Reflection states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection, both measured from the normal.

11. A convex lens is commonly used to correct which vision defect?

Astigmatism Color blindness Myopia (Nearsightedness) Hypermetropia (Farsightedness)

Explanation: A convex (converging) lens is used to correct Hypermetropia, where the eye cannot focus on nearby objects.

12. Density of a substance is calculated as:

Volume divided by mass Mass divided by volume Mass multiplied by volume Weight divided by gravity

Explanation: Density is defined as mass per unit volume (Density = Mass / Volume), typically measured in kg/m³.

13. Newton's First Law of Motion is also known as the Law of:

Gravitation Conservation of Energy Inertia Action and Reaction

Explanation: Newton's First Law states a body remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force, hence called the Law of Inertia.

14. Work done is measured in which SI unit?

Joule Newton Watt Pascal

Explanation: Work (Force × Displacement) is measured in Joules (J), the same unit used for energy.

15. The SI unit used to measure the rate of doing work (power) is the:

Joule Newton-metre Ampere Watt

Explanation: Power, the rate at which work is done, is measured in Watts (W), equal to one Joule per second.

16. Heat transfer through direct contact between particles of a substance is called:

Radiation Conduction Convection Insulation

Explanation: Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct molecular contact, common in solids like metals.

17. At sea level, water boils at approximately what temperature?

0°C 50°C 100°C 212°C

Explanation: Under standard atmospheric pressure at sea level, water boils at 100°C (212°F).

SECTION II: Chemistry (Basic Concepts) [Questions 18 to 34]

18. The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of:

Protons in the nucleus Neutrons in the nucleus Electrons in the outermost shell only Total subatomic particles

Explanation: Atomic number equals the number of protons present in the nucleus of an atom, which also defines the identity of the element.

19. What is the chemical formula of water?

CO2 H2O H2O2 NaCl

Explanation: Water is composed of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom, giving the formula H2O.

20. On the pH scale, a neutral substance (such as pure water) has a pH value of:

0 14 7 1

Explanation: The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14; a value of 7 is neutral, below 7 is acidic, and above 7 is basic (alkaline).

21. What is the chemical symbol for Sodium?

So Sd S Na

Explanation: Sodium's chemical symbol "Na" is derived from its Latin name "Natrium".

22. Noble gases are generally unreactive because their outermost electron shell is:

Completely filled Completely empty Negatively charged only Made entirely of protons

Explanation: Noble gases (Group 18) have a complete outer electron shell, making them chemically stable and largely inert.

23. Rusting of iron is a chemical process best described as:

A physical change only Oxidation Sublimation Fermentation

Explanation: Rusting occurs when iron reacts with oxygen and moisture, forming iron oxide through an oxidation reaction.

24. Common salt used in cooking is chemically known as:

Calcium Carbonate Sodium Bicarbonate Sodium Chloride Potassium Nitrate

Explanation: Common table salt is Sodium Chloride (NaCl), formed from sodium and chlorine ions.

25. An acid turns blue litmus paper:

Red Green Yellow It stays blue

Explanation: Acids turn blue litmus paper red, which is a standard test used to identify acidic substances.

26. A base (alkali) turns red litmus paper:

Yellow It stays red Colorless Blue

Explanation: Bases turn red litmus paper blue, indicating the alkaline nature of the substance.

27. What is regarded as the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element?

Molecule Atom Compound Ion only

Explanation: An atom is the smallest indivisible particle of an element that retains all its chemical properties.

28. Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but a different number of:

Electrons in inner shells Valence electrons Neutrons Protons

Explanation: Isotopes share the same atomic number (proton count) but differ in their neutron count, giving them different mass numbers.

29. Elements in the Modern Periodic Table are arranged in order of increasing:

Atomic number Atomic mass only Number of isotopes Boiling point

Explanation: The Modern Periodic Table, proposed by Moseley, arranges elements in order of increasing atomic number.

30. What is the chemical formula of Carbon Dioxide?

CO C2O CH4 CO2

Explanation: Carbon Dioxide consists of one carbon atom bonded to two oxygen atoms, giving the formula CO2.

31. Vinegar mainly contains which acid?

Citric Acid Acetic Acid Sulphuric Acid Lactic Acid

Explanation: Vinegar is a dilute solution of Acetic Acid in water, giving it its characteristic sour taste and smell.

32. LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) used for cooking mainly consists of:

Butane and Propane Oxygen and Nitrogen Hydrogen and Helium Carbon Dioxide and Argon

Explanation: LPG is primarily a mixture of butane and propane, hydrocarbons that are compressed into liquid form for domestic fuel use.

33. Baking soda used in the kitchen is chemically known as:

Calcium Oxide Sodium Chloride Sodium Bicarbonate Potassium Hydroxide

Explanation: Baking soda is Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3), commonly used as a leavening agent and mild antacid.

34. The process by which a solid changes directly into a gas without passing through the liquid state is called:

Condensation Sublimation Evaporation Deposition

Explanation: Sublimation is the direct transition of a substance from solid to gaseous state, as seen with substances like camphor and dry ice.

SECTION III: Biology [Questions 35 to 50]

35. What is regarded as the basic structural and functional unit of life?

Cell Tissue Organ Molecule

Explanation: The Cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of all living organisms.

36. Which cell organelle is commonly referred to as the "powerhouse of the cell"?

Nucleus Ribosome Mitochondria Golgi Body

Explanation: Mitochondria generate ATP (cellular energy) through respiration, earning them the title "powerhouse of the cell".

37. Photosynthesis in green plants primarily takes place in the:

Mitochondria Chloroplast Nucleus Vacuole

Explanation: Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, the pigment that captures sunlight to drive photosynthesis.

38. The human heart has how many chambers?

Two Three Five Four

Explanation: The human heart has four chambers: the right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle.

39. Oxygen is transported in human blood mainly by binding to:

Hemoglobin Platelets Plasma proteins White blood cells

Explanation: Hemoglobin, present in red blood cells, binds with oxygen and carries it throughout the body.

40. Which is the largest organ of the human body?

Liver Lungs Skin Brain

Explanation: The Skin is the largest organ of the human body, covering the entire external surface and playing a key protective role.

41. Deficiency of Vitamin C in the human body commonly leads to which disease?

Rickets Scurvy Night blindness Beriberi

Explanation: Vitamin C deficiency causes Scurvy, characterized by bleeding gums, joint pain, and weakness.

42. Deficiency of Vitamin D in children commonly causes which condition?

Scurvy Anemia Goitre Rickets

Explanation: Vitamin D deficiency in children leads to Rickets, a condition causing soft and weakened bones.

43. DNA stands for:

Deoxyribonucleic Acid Dioxyribose Nuclear Acid Diribonucleic Acid Deoxyribose Nitrogen Acid

Explanation: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries genetic instructions in all living organisms.

44. The adult human skeleton normally contains how many bones?

300 150 206 250

Explanation: An adult human skeleton typically consists of 206 bones, though infants are born with more that later fuse together.

45. The primary function of the human kidney is to:

Pump blood throughout the body Filter blood and remove waste products as urine Produce red blood cells exclusively Digest proteins and fats

Explanation: Kidneys filter blood, removing metabolic wastes and excess fluid, which are excreted as urine.

46. Plants absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil mainly through their:

Roots Leaves Flowers Stem bark

Explanation: Root hairs increase the surface area for absorption of water and minerals from the soil into the plant.

47. The green pigment present in plants that is essential for photosynthesis is called:

Carotene Xanthophyll Anthocyanin Chlorophyll

Explanation: Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy to power photosynthesis.

48. The normal gestation (pregnancy) period in humans is approximately:

6 months 9 months (about 280 days) 12 months 3 months

Explanation: The average human gestation period is about 9 months, or roughly 280 days from the last menstrual period.

49. Which vitamin is synthesized in the human skin upon exposure to sunlight?

Vitamin A Vitamin C Vitamin D Vitamin K

Explanation: Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin when it is exposed to ultraviolet (UV) rays from sunlight.

50. Digestion of food in the human body begins in the:

Mouth Stomach Small intestine Large intestine

Explanation: Digestion begins in the mouth, where chewing and salivary amylase start breaking down food, particularly starches.

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