ICDS Supervisor - General Science (Human Body, Nutrition & Diseases) Practice Test 50 MCQ

ICDS Supervisor - General Science (Human Body, Nutrition & Diseases) Practice Test

ICDS Supervisor - General Science (Human Body, Nutrition & Diseases) Practice Test

Targeted 50 MCQ Practice Module focusing on: Human Body, Nutrition, and Diseases — key General Science topics for the ICDS Supervisor examination.

Select your answers and click Submit Assessment Answers at the bottom to calculate your total score and review explanations.

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SECTION I: Human Body [Questions 1 to 17]
1. How many bones are present in an adult human body?
Explanation: An adult human skeleton normally consists of 206 bones, though infants are born with about 270 that fuse over time.
2. Which is the largest organ of the human body?
Explanation: Skin is the largest organ, covering the entire body and serving as a protective barrier.
3. Which is the largest gland in the human body?
Explanation: The liver is the largest gland in the human body, performing vital functions like bile production and detoxification.
4. Which is the smallest bone in the human body?
Explanation: The Stapes, located in the middle ear, is the smallest bone in the human body.
5. Which is the longest bone in the human body?
Explanation: The Femur (thigh bone) is the longest and strongest bone in the human body.
6. The normal body temperature of a healthy human being is approximately:
Explanation: The normal body temperature of a healthy human is about 37°C (98.6°F).
7. The normal blood pressure of a healthy adult is considered to be:
Explanation: 120/80 mmHg is generally accepted as normal blood pressure for a healthy adult.
8. How many chambers does the human heart have?
Explanation: The human heart has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles.
9. Which blood group is known as the "universal donor"?
Explanation: O negative blood lacks A, B, and Rh antigens, so it can be given to patients of any blood group in emergencies.
10. Which blood group is known as the "universal recipient"?
Explanation: AB positive blood contains both A and B antigens plus Rh factor, so a person with this group can receive blood from any group.
11. The normal pH of human blood is approximately:
Explanation: Human blood is slightly alkaline with a normal pH of about 7.4.
12. How many chromosomes are present in a normal human somatic cell?
Explanation: Human somatic cells contain 46 chromosomes, arranged in 23 pairs.
13. The functional and structural unit of the kidney is called:
Explanation: The Nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering blood and forming urine.
14. Which cell organelle is known as the "powerhouse of the cell"?
Explanation: Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration, earning them the title "powerhouse of the cell".
15. Which is the largest artery in the human body?
Explanation: The Aorta is the main and largest artery, carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
16. How many pairs of ribs are present in the human chest (thoracic cage)?
Explanation: There are 12 pairs of ribs (24 total) forming the rib cage that protects the heart and lungs.
17. Which gland is responsible for regulating the body's metabolic rate?
Explanation: The Thyroid gland secretes hormones (T3, T4) that regulate the body's metabolic rate.
SECTION II: Nutrition [Questions 18 to 34]
18. Deficiency of Vitamin C leads to which disease?
Explanation: Vitamin C deficiency causes Scurvy, characterized by bleeding gums and weakness. Citrus fruits like amla, orange, and lemon are rich sources.
19. Deficiency of Vitamin D in children leads to which disease?
Explanation: Vitamin D deficiency causes Rickets in children, marked by soft and weak bones. Sunlight is a key natural source of Vitamin D.
20. Kwashiorkor disease in children is caused due to severe deficiency of:
Explanation: Kwashiorkor results from severe protein deficiency, commonly seen in young children, causing swelling (edema) and stunted growth.
21. Deficiency of Vitamin A commonly leads to which condition?
Explanation: Vitamin A deficiency affects vision in dim light, leading to Night blindness (Nyctalopia). Carrots and green leafy vegetables are good sources.
22. Deficiency of Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) leads to which disease?
Explanation: Thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency causes Beri-beri, affecting the nervous and cardiovascular systems.
23. Deficiency of Iodine in the diet commonly causes which disease?
Explanation: Iodine deficiency causes Goitre, marked by enlargement of the thyroid gland. Iodized salt is used to prevent this deficiency.
24. Deficiency of Iron in the body commonly leads to:
Explanation: Iron deficiency reduces hemoglobin production, leading to Anemia, characterized by fatigue and pale skin.
25. Which vitamin plays a key role in the blood clotting process?
Explanation: Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of clotting factors and plays a vital role in blood coagulation.
26. Calcium in the diet is mainly required for the healthy development of:
Explanation: Calcium is essential for building and maintaining strong bones and teeth, and also aids muscle function.
27. Which nutrient is the body's chief and quickest source of energy?
Explanation: Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, providing the body's most immediate and primary source of energy.
28. A diet that contains all essential nutrients in adequate proportion required for healthy growth is called a:
Explanation: A Balanced Diet supplies carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals in the right proportion for proper growth and health.
29. Marasmus, a severe form of malnutrition in infants, is primarily caused by prolonged deficiency of:
Explanation: Marasmus results from an overall deficiency of calories and protein, leading to severe wasting of muscle and fat.
30. Deficiency of Vitamin B12 mainly leads to which condition?
Explanation: Vitamin B12 deficiency affects red blood cell formation, causing Pernicious Anemia.
31. Which of the following is a group of Fat-Soluble Vitamins?
Explanation: Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble and get stored in the body's fatty tissues.
32. Which of the following vitamins are Water-Soluble and generally need daily replenishment?
Explanation: Vitamin B-complex and Vitamin C are water-soluble and are not stored in large amounts, requiring regular dietary intake.
33. The Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) of calories for a moderately active adult man is approximately:
Explanation: A moderately active adult man typically requires around 2400-2800 kcal per day for maintaining energy balance.
34. Deficiency of Fluoride in drinking water commonly leads to increased incidence of:
Explanation: Fluoride strengthens tooth enamel; its deficiency increases susceptibility to dental caries (tooth decay).
SECTION III: Diseases [Questions 35 to 50]
35. Malaria disease is caused by a parasite belonging to which genus, transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito?
Explanation: Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites, transmitted through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito.
36. Dengue fever is transmitted to humans through the bite of which mosquito?
Explanation: Dengue fever is spread by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which typically bites during the day.
37. Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by which bacterium?
Explanation: Tuberculosis is a bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs.
38. AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) is caused by which virus?
Explanation: AIDS is caused by HIV, which attacks the body's immune system, particularly CD4 cells.
39. Diabetes Mellitus is primarily associated with deficiency or improper functioning of which hormone?
Explanation: Diabetes Mellitus occurs due to inadequate production or improper use of Insulin, a hormone secreted by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar.
40. Typhoid fever is caused by which bacterium?
Explanation: Typhoid fever is caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi, usually spread through contaminated food and water.
41. Cholera, characterized by severe watery diarrhea, is caused by which bacterium?
Explanation: Cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, transmitted mainly through contaminated water.
42. Chickenpox is caused by which virus?
Explanation: Chickenpox is a highly contagious disease caused by the Varicella zoster virus.
43. Poliomyelitis (Polio), which can cause paralysis in children, is caused by which pathogen?
Explanation: Polio is caused by the Poliovirus, which can affect the nervous system and cause paralysis, especially in children.
44. Jaundice, marked by yellowing of skin and eyes, is a symptom generally associated with disorders of which organ?
Explanation: Jaundice occurs due to excess bilirubin in the blood, usually linked to Liver dysfunction.
45. Hepatitis, an inflammatory disease commonly caused by viral infection, primarily affects which organ?
Explanation: Hepatitis refers to inflammation of the Liver, commonly caused by Hepatitis A, B, C, D, or E viruses.
46. Rabies, a fatal viral disease affecting the nervous system, is most commonly transmitted to humans through:
Explanation: Rabies virus is usually transmitted through the bite or saliva of an infected animal, most commonly dogs.
47. Which of the following is an example of a Communicable (infectious) disease?
Explanation: Tuberculosis is a communicable disease, spreading from an infected person to others, mainly through airborne droplets.
48. The BCG vaccine administered to newborns/infants provides protection against which disease?
Explanation: BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) vaccine is given to protect infants against Tuberculosis.
49. The DPT vaccine given to children under Universal Immunization Programme protects against Diphtheria, Pertussis, and:
Explanation: DPT vaccine stands for Diphtheria, Pertussis (whooping cough), and Tetanus, and is a key part of routine child immunization.
50. Which of the following is an example of a Non-Communicable disease?
Explanation: Diabetes is a Non-Communicable disease — it does not spread from person to person and is generally linked to lifestyle and metabolic factors.

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